It should be possible to skip some pipeline steps depending on paths changed in latest git commits.
For example out of all components living in a repository I need to test only the changed ones, not spending time and resources for unchanged ones tested earlier.

This could sound like a duplicate of JENKINS-36195, but there are couple key points.
Use of Excluded Regions of checkout would add redundant fetch from remote for every conditional step.
All the commits from previous NOT_BUILT builds should also be analyzed since pipeline skips steps when new build arrives.