When the last build was HEAD revision and the new build is an older revision the revision check will fail.
The problem arises in https://github.com/jenkinsci/subversion-plugin/blob/master/src/main/java/hudson/scm/SubversionChangeLogBuilder.java#L161

SVNRevision.create(prevRev+1)

if prevRev == HEAD, prevRev+1 will be an invalid revision

hudson.util.IOException2: revision check failed on https://XXX
at hudson.scm.SubversionChangeLogBuilder.buildModule(SubversionChangeLogBuilder.java:170)
at hudson.scm.SubversionChangeLogBuilder.run(SubversionChangeLogBuilder.java:112)
at hudson.scm.SubversionSCM.calcChangeLog(SubversionSCM.java:564)
at hudson.scm.SubversionSCM.checkout(SubversionSCM.java:713)
at hudson.model.AbstractProject.checkout(AbstractProject.java:1308)
at hudson.model.AbstractBuild$AbstractBuildExecution.defaultCheckout(AbstractBuild.java:676)
at jenkins.scm.SCMCheckoutStrategy.checkout(SCMCheckoutStrategy.java:88)
at hudson.model.AbstractBuild$AbstractBuildExecution.run(AbstractBuild.java:581)
at hudson.model.Run.execute(Run.java:1516)
at hudson.model.FreeStyleBuild.run(FreeStyleBuild.java:46)
at hudson.model.ResourceController.execute(ResourceController.java:88)
at hudson.model.Executor.run(Executor.java:236)
Caused by: org.tmatesoft.svn.core.SVNException: svn: E160006: No such revision 37
svn: E175002: REPORT of '/XXX/!svn/bc/36': 500 Internal Server Error (https://XXX)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.wc.SVNErrorManager.error(SVNErrorManager.java:64)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.wc.SVNErrorManager.error(SVNErrorManager.java:51)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.io.dav.DAVRepository.getLocationsImpl(DAVRepository.java:1066)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.io.SVNRepository.getLocations(SVNRepository.java:1088)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.io.SVNRepository.getLocations(SVNRepository.java:1516)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.wc2.SvnRepositoryAccess.getLocations(SvnRepositoryAccess.java:178)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.wc2.ng.SvnNgRepositoryAccess.createRepositoryFor(SvnNgRepositoryAccess.java:44)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.wc2.remote.SvnRemoteLog.run(SvnRemoteLog.java:160)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.wc2.remote.SvnRemoteLog.run(SvnRemoteLog.java:35)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.wc2.SvnOperationRunner.run(SvnOperationRunner.java:20)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.wc2.SvnOperationFactory.run(SvnOperationFactory.java:1221)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.wc2.SvnOperation.run(SvnOperation.java:292)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.wc.SVNLogClient.doLog(SVNLogClient.java:967)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.wc.SVNLogClient.doLog(SVNLogClient.java:872)
at hudson.scm.SubversionChangeLogBuilder.buildModule(SubversionChangeLogBuilder.java:158)
... 11 more
Caused by: svn: E160006: No such revision 37
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.SVNErrorMessage.create(SVNErrorMessage.java:208)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.SVNErrorMessage.create(SVNErrorMessage.java:154)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.SVNErrorMessage.create(SVNErrorMessage.java:97)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.io.dav.handlers.DAVErrorHandler.endElement(DAVErrorHandler.java:72)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.io.dav.handlers.BasicDAVHandler.endElement(BasicDAVHandler.java:103)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.endElement(AbstractSAXParser.java:601)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanEndElement(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:1782)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:2938)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:648)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:140)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:511)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:808)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:737)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:119)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(AbstractSAXParser.java:1205)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(SAXParserImpl.java:522)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.io.dav.http.HTTPConnection.readData(HTTPConnection.java:796)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.io.dav.http.HTTPConnection.readData(HTTPConnection.java:761)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.io.dav.http.HTTPConnection.readError(HTTPConnection.java:228)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.io.dav.http.HTTPRequest.readError(HTTPRequest.java:290)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.io.dav.http.HTTPRequest.dispatch(HTTPRequest.java:213)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.io.dav.http.HTTPConnection._request(HTTPConnection.java:385)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.io.dav.http.HTTPConnection.request(HTTPConnection.java:298)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.io.dav.http.HTTPConnection.request(HTTPConnection.java:289)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.io.dav.http.HTTPConnection.request(HTTPConnection.java:277)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.io.dav.DAVConnection.performHttpRequest(DAVConnection.java:696)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.io.dav.DAVConnection.doReport(DAVConnection.java:328)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.io.dav.DAVConnection.doReport(DAVConnection.java:318)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.io.dav.DAVRepository.getLocationsImpl(DAVRepository.java:1060)
... 23 more
Caused by: svn: E175002: REPORT of '/XXX/!svn/bc/36': 500 Internal Server Error (https://XXX)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.SVNErrorMessage.create(SVNErrorMessage.java:208)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.SVNErrorMessage.create(SVNErrorMessage.java:189)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.SVNErrorMessage.create(SVNErrorMessage.java:141)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.io.dav.http.HTTPRequest.createDefaultErrorMessage(HTTPRequest.java:444)
at org.tmatesoft.svn.core.internal.io.dav.http.HTTPRequest.readError(HTTPRequest.java:288)
... 32 more