podTemplate(label: "base", 
containers: [
	containerTemplate(name: "go", image: "golang:1.8", ttyEnabled: true, command: "cat")
]) {
    node("base") {
    	container(name: "go") {
    		stage("stash fail"){
    		    sh "echo 'something' > ${WORKSPACE}/test.file"
    		    sh "ls -l"
    		    stash name: "test"
    		}
    	}
    }
}

Running on jenkins-slave-hpc81-cqk8x in /home/jenkins/workspace/test-stash
[Pipeline] {
[Pipeline] container
[Pipeline] {
[Pipeline] stage
[Pipeline] { (stash fail)
[Pipeline] sh
[test-stash] Running shell script
+ echo something
[Pipeline] sh
[test-stash] Running shell script
+ ls -l
total 4
-rw------- 1 root root  0 Aug  9 10:19 nohup.out
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10 Aug  9 10:19 test.file
[Pipeline] stash
[Pipeline] }
[Pipeline] // stage
[Pipeline] }
[Pipeline] // container
[Pipeline] }
[Pipeline] // node
[Pipeline] }
[Pipeline] // podTemplate
[Pipeline] End of Pipeline
java.nio.file.AccessDeniedException: /home/jenkins/workspace/test-stash/nohup.out