After configuring everything like described on https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Bitbucket-articles/Atlassian-supported-Jenkins-integration-for-Bitbucket-Server/ba-p/1148326 , I get the same behavior as described by Kevin Reynolds: the trigger is executed in bitbucket, receives a 200 back from Jenkins, but no build is started.

In the Jenkins logs I see:

Payload: com.atlassian.bitbucket.jenkins.internal.trigger.RefsChangedWebhookEvent@1b554079
Received refs changed event from repo: JG/bitbucket-sonarqube-integration

I've debugged the code and traced it down to the getScms method in BitbucketWebhookConsumer returning an empty collection.

Tracing further why it's empty, I end up in the implementation in

https://github.com/jenkinsci/workflow-job-plugin/blob/master/src/main/java/org/jenkinsci/plugins/workflow/job/WorkflowJob.java#L528

which shows it needs at least a completed build to return a non empty collection.

I feel this should rather use (from script console)

Jenkins.instance.getItem('bitbucket-sonarqube-integration').definition.scm 

which returns a BitbucketSCM instance as defined in the job definition.

Can easily be reproduced when removing all builds from a job.