As fdrueke has stated, this does not seem to be available in the current version of the Job DSL (1.76). Should the issue then not be re-opened?
EDIT: Using the Job DSL API of my local Jenkins installation (not the online variant - plugin/job-dsl/api-viewer/index.html ), I found that the publisher is called 'publishCppCheck', not 'cppcheckPublisher' as written in the above comment.
The upcoming generic DSL (https://github.com/jenkinsci/job-dsl-plugin/pull/816) will enable support for the CppCheck plugin: